FEMS

From food additives to biodegradable plastics, organic acids are everywhere in modern life. One of them, L-malic acid, is widely used in the food and beverage industry, giving products a characteristic tart taste. Despite its growing industrial relevance, most malic acid is still produced either from fo...

Bacteria can move efficiently thanks to one of nature’s most sophisticated molecular machines: the flagellum. This rotary motor propels them through oceans, soils, and even our bodies. For decades, our understanding of bacterial flagella has largely come from model organisms such as Escherichia coli<...

The first complete bacterial genome was decoded in 1995 using whole-genome sequencing. Once very expensive and time-consuming, costs for whole-genome sequencing have dropped dramatically since, and nowadays a bacterial genome can be sequenced within a few hours. Especially the latest generation of whole...