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A dividend policy determines how companies distribute profits or retain earnings for growth. While dividend paying companies offer regular income, some businesses reinvest profits, reduce debt, or fund expansion to create greater long-term shareholder value. Amazon has never paid a cash dividend since its 1997 IPO. Berkshire Hathaway hasn’t paid one under Warren Buffett’s leader...

The CAPE Ratio, also known as the Shiller PE ratio or cyclically adjusted PE ratio, measures long-term market valuation using inflation-adjusted earnings over 10 years. This guide explains its formula, uses, advantages, limitations, and how investors can use it alongside other valuation metrics. As of July 2026, the Shiller CAPE ratio for the S&P 500 […]

Kelly’s Criterion is a mathematical position-sizing framework that helps traders determine how much capital to risk based on their strategy’s historical win rate and payoff ratio. While Full Kelly can be aggressive, using a fractional Kelly approach alongside disciplined risk management can improve consistency, reduce drawdowns, and support long-term portfolio growth. Most tradi...